Stringent regulations by the U.S. Department of Agriculture discourage many farmers from participating in the organic honey market, but new research may lead to an easing of these restrictions, paving the way for an influx of new organic-honey manufacturers. Currently, apiaries must provide a nearly four-mile buffer zone of organic-certified or natural, undeveloped and uncultivated land for bees to forage, which can be difficult to locate. However, new research suggests that bees need only a fraction of that buffer to produce honey with extremely low or undetectable pesticide residues.

A Cornell University study published in Science of the Total Environment established 72 organically managed bee colonies across six large organic farms in the Northeast. Each colony was surrounded by 56 to 93 percent natural or semi-natural spaces, including forests, wetlands and fallow fields within an approximate two-mile radius. The researchers found that the bees foraged a median distance of less than half a mile from their hives.

After testing the nectar for 96 pesticide residues and comparing it to 20 store-bought brands, researchers determined that the pesticide content was low and comparable to the certified-organic honeys, while residue levels were much higher in the conventional products. The study demonstrated that it is possible to produce clean honey even in relatively small organic farms and that strict buffer mandates may be unnecessarily large.